When you decide to get help for your mental health, the next question is often: who do I actually need to see? The titles sound similar, but the roles are quite different.
At a glance
| Question | Psychiatrist | Clinical psychologist | Therapist / counsellor |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medical doctor? | Yes | No | No |
| Can diagnose? | Yes | Can assess and formulate; may diagnose some conditions | Generally no |
| Can prescribe? | Yes | Generally no | No |
| Main focus | Assessment, diagnosis, medication | Psychological assessment and therapy | Talking therapy and support |
| UK regulation | GMC | HCPC | Varies: often voluntary registers (e.g. BACP, UKCP) |
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who has trained in general medicine and then specialised in mental health. They are registered with the General Medical Council (GMC).
See a psychiatrist if you need:
- a diagnosis, such as adult ADHD, autism, bipolar disorder or a clearer picture of complex symptoms
- medication, or a review of medication that is not working
- a second opinion on a diagnosis or treatment
- specialist input when anxiety or depression has not improved
Clinical psychologist
A clinical psychologist has a doctorate in clinical psychology and is regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). They carry out psychological assessments and provide evidence-based therapies. They do not usually prescribe medication.
See a psychologist if you want structured psychological therapy for conditions such as anxiety, depression, trauma or OCD.
Therapist or counsellor
These terms cover a wide range of professionals who provide talking therapies, such as CBT, counselling and psychotherapy. Some titles are not legally protected in the UK, so check that your therapist is on a recognised professional register, such as those accredited by the Professional Standards Authority.
See a therapist or counsellor for talking support with stress, relationships, bereavement, low mood or anxiety.
Do I need more than one?
Often, yes. Many people benefit from both medication and therapy. For example, a psychiatrist may diagnose and treat ADHD or depression, while a therapist helps with coping strategies. They play different, complementary roles.
Where does the NHS fit in?
On the NHS, your GP is usually the first step. They can treat many common conditions and refer you to NHS Talking Therapies or to specialist mental health services. Waiting times for specialist assessments vary and can be long in some areas, which is why some people choose to see a psychiatrist privately.
Seeing a psychiatrist online
Happy Clinic offers psychiatric assessment, diagnosis and medication management by secure video with Consultant Psychiatrists. It does not provide psychological therapy, but your psychiatrist can recommend the right kind of therapy for you.
Find out more about online psychiatry, the conditions we help with, or book an appointment.
Speak to a Consultant Psychiatrist
Book a secure video consultation with Happy Clinic. No GP referral needed, with appointments usually available within days.
This article is general information and is not a substitute for personal medical advice. If you are in crisis, call 999, go to A&E, call NHS 111 or call Samaritans free on 116 123.